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Equivalent Fractions

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Look at the images given below.

What do the fractions in the images have in common?

Each fraction in the image represents the same value. These fractions are equivalent.

Equivalent Fractions

Equivalent fractions are fractions that have different numbers but the same value.

The fractions

are equivalent since each represents the same value

One way to tell if two fractions are equivalent is to draw a picture.

Let's use a picture to decide if

and

are equivalent.

First of all draw 2 boxes and label them:

Now divide each box. The first box has a denominator of 3, so split it into 3 sections. The second box has a denominator of 6, split that into 6 sections.

Next color these boxes using the numerators. The first fraction has a numerator of 2, so color 2 boxes. The second has a numerator of 4, color 4 boxes.

We notice that the same amount of each box is colored, so, these are equivalent fractions.

Arithmetic Procedure of Finding Equivalent Fractions

To find equivalent fractions, multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same number.

Let's illustrate through an example.

Example 1

Are

and

equivalent?

To check if two fractions are equivalent multiply or divide by the same number.

We notice that

is already in the simplest form. So, we can't reduce it further.

Reduce

by dividing it by 3.

3 ÷ 3

6 ÷ 3

Both fractions reduces to

, so they are equivalent.

Example 2

Find two fractions that are equivalent to

To find the equivalent fractions of

, multiply numerator and denominator by the same number.

Multiply numerator and denominator by 2.

2 x 2

3 x 2

To find another equivalent fraction of

, multiply numerator and denominator by 3.

2 x 3

3 x 3

So,

and

are equivalent fractions of

Example 3

Find the missing number that makes the fraction equivalent.

---

To find the missing number, look at the denominator.

In denominator, 5 is multiplied by 4 to get 20.

So, multiply the numerator 3 by the same number 4 to find the missing number.

3 x 4

5 x 4

is equivalent to

Summary

Equivalent fractions are fractions that have different numbers but the same value.
We can use pictures to check if two fractions are equivalent.
To find equivalent fractions, multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same number.